Three-dimensional varifocal meta-device for augmented reality display

Yuzhou Song; Jiaqi Yuan; Qinmiao Chen; Xiaoyuan Liu; Yin Zhou; Jialuo Cheng; Shumin Xiao; Mu Ku Chen; Zihan Geng

doi:10.1186/s43074-025-00164-9

Three-dimensional varifocal meta-device for augmented reality display

doi: 10.1186/s43074-025-00164-9

1 Institute of Data and Information, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
2 Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China;
3 Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering-Electrophysics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
4 Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
5 Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China;
6 The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China

基金项目:

Shenzhen Municipal Basic Research (Key Project) (JCY20241202123919027)

CityU11310522

Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (WDZC20220818100259004)

City University of Hong Kong [Project No. 9610628].

the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 62305184)

The National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2022YFA1404700)

the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [Project No. C5031-22G

the Major Key Project of PCL (PCL2024A01)

Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (2023A1515012932)

CityU11300123]

详细信息

通讯作者:
Shumin Xiao, E-mail:shumin.xiao@hit.edu.cn

Mu Ku Chen, E-mail:mkchen@cityu.edu.hk

Zihan Geng, E-mail:geng.zihan@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-20
- 录用日期: 2025-02-25
- 修回日期: 2025-02-20

Three-dimensional varifocal meta-device for augmented reality display

Yuzhou Song^1,2,
Jiaqi Yuan³,
Qinmiao Chen⁴,
Xiaoyuan Liu^5,6,
Yin Zhou⁵,
Jialuo Cheng⁵,
Shumin Xiao^{4
, ,},
Mu Ku Chen^{5,6
, ,},
Zihan Geng^{1,2
, ,}

1 Institute of Data and Information, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
2 Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China;
3 Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering-Electrophysics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
4 Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
5 Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China;
6 The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China

Funds:

Shenzhen Municipal Basic Research (Key Project) (JCY20241202123919027)

CityU11310522

Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (WDZC20220818100259004)

City University of Hong Kong [Project No. 9610628].

the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 62305184)

The National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2022YFA1404700)

the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [Project No. C5031-22G

the Major Key Project of PCL (PCL2024A01)

Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (2023A1515012932)

CityU11300123]

摘要

摘要: Augmented reality (AR) displays have gained significant attention for their ability to blend the real and virtual worlds seamlessly. However, they face challenges like the vergence-accommodation conflict and a limited eyebox. The AR community is actively seeking lightweight, integrative optical elements to overcome these limitations. In this study, we demonstrate a three-dimensional varifocal meta-device for AR display. The meta-device is composed of three cascaded metasurfaces with Moiré and off-center Fresnel lens phase profiles designed to dynamically manipulate the focus point in three-dimensional space. The cascaded metasurfaces are designed and fabricated by the TiO₂ nanopillars with varying diameters, which are polarizationinsensitive for light field manipulation. The focal point position is precisely controlled by the relative rotation between the metasurfaces. The meta-device achieves an effective focal length ranging from 3.7 mm to 33.2 mm and can adjust the lateral focal point within the same range. The dynamic eyebox size varies from 4.2 mm to 5.8 mm. This lightweight, integrated meta-device is well-suited for various imaging applications, including AR displays, as it simultaneously addresses the vergence-accommodation conflict and expands the eyebox.
- Varifocal /
- Meta-device /
- Moiré Theory /
- AR Display
Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) displays have gained significant attention for their ability to blend the real and virtual worlds seamlessly. However, they face challenges like the vergence-accommodation conflict and a limited eyebox. The AR community is actively seeking lightweight, integrative optical elements to overcome these limitations. In this study, we demonstrate a three-dimensional varifocal meta-device for AR display. The meta-device is composed of three cascaded metasurfaces with Moiré and off-center Fresnel lens phase profiles designed to dynamically manipulate the focus point in three-dimensional space. The cascaded metasurfaces are designed and fabricated by the TiO₂ nanopillars with varying diameters, which are polarizationinsensitive for light field manipulation. The focal point position is precisely controlled by the relative rotation between the metasurfaces. The meta-device achieves an effective focal length ranging from 3.7 mm to 33.2 mm and can adjust the lateral focal point within the same range. The dynamic eyebox size varies from 4.2 mm to 5.8 mm. This lightweight, integrated meta-device is well-suited for various imaging applications, including AR displays, as it simultaneously addresses the vergence-accommodation conflict and expands the eyebox.
- Varifocal /
- Meta-device /
- Moiré Theory /
- AR Display